Cross Cultural by Hofstede Essay Example for Free

Cross Cultural by Hofstede Essay â€Å"Culture is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others† Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. He analyzed a large data base of employee values scores collected by IBM between 1967 and 1973 covering more than 70 countries, from which he first used the 40 largest only and afterwards extended the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions. Subsequent studies validating the earlier results have included commercial airline pilots and students in 23 countries, civil service managers in 14 counties, up-market consumers in 15 countries and elites in 19 countries. In the 2010 edition of the book â€Å"Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind†, scores on the dimensions are listed for 76 countries, partly based on replications and extensions of the IBM study on different international populations. Dimensions of National Culture The values that distinguished countries from each other could be grouped statistically into four clusters. These four groups became the Hofstede dimensions of national culture: Power Distance (PDI) Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS) Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) A fifth Dimension was added in 1991 based on research by Michael Bond who conducted an additional international study among students with a survey instrument that was developed together with Chinese employees and managers. That Dimension, based on Confucian dynamism, is Long-Term Orientation (LTO) and was applied to 23 countries. In 2010, research by Michael Minkov allowed to extend the number of country scores for this dimension to 93, using recent World Values Survey data from representative samples of national populations. In the 2010 edition of Cultures and organizations, a sixth dimension has been added, based on Michael Minkovs analysis of the World Values Survey data for 93 countries. This new dimension is called Indulgence versus Restraint. On 17 Jan 2011, Geert delivered a webinar for SIETAR Europe called New Software of the mind to introduce Cultures Organizations 3rd ed. Culture only exists by comparison The country scores on the dimensions are relative societies are compared to other societies. Without make a comparison a country score is meaningless. These relative scores have been proven to be quite stable over decades. The forces that cause cultures to shift tend to be global or continent-wide. This means that they affect many countries at the same time, so that if their cultures shift, they shift together, and their relative positions remain the same. The country scores on The Hofstede Dimensions can also be found to correlate with other data about the countries in question. Some examples: Power distance is correlated with income inequality in a country. Individualism is correlated with national wealth. Masculinity is correlated negatively with the percent of women in democratically elected governments. Uncertainty avoidance is associated with the legal obligation in developed countries for citizens to carry identity cards. Long-term orientation is correlated with school results in international comparisons.

Improvement Of Dual Axis Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering Essay

Improvement Of Dual Axis Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering Essay Solar power generation had been used as a renewable energy since years ago.This type of energy is very clean, environmentally friendly and reliability as secondary choice for source energy.This paper present the design and improvement of dual axis tracker using Arduino Uno kit.Futhermore,the main objective is the dual axis tracker system which will actuate solar module will keep aligned with the sunlight in order to maximize in harvesting solar power.In this project,its divided by two categories;hardware and software.In hardware part,4 light dependent resistor(LDR) has been used to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting brightness level of sunlight.For rotation part, two standard servo motor has been selected.In software part,the code is constructed in C programming and inserted in Arduino Uno.This project is designed for low power and portable application.Therefore, its suitable for rural area usage.Moreover,the efficiency of output power which collected by sunlight are incre ased. Keywords Dual Axis,LDR,Servo Motor,Arduino I. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural source such as sunlight, wind rain ,tides ,wave and etc. Renewable energy provide 19% of electricity generation worldwide.Malaysia,with population of about 28 million, is one of fastest-growing economies in Asia. During the last decade, Malaysia has seen almost 20% increase in energy generating capacity from 13,000MW in 2000 to 15,500MW in 2009.Under the 8th Malaysia plan (2001-2005),the government of Malaysia changed the Four Fuel Policy(based on oil, gas, coal and hydropower) to the Five-Fuel Policy with the addition of renewable energy as fifth source of fuel. Malaysia is well endowed with abundant non-renewable and renewable source of energy, especially biomass and solar. In the last ten year,many residentals around the world used electric solar system as a sub power at their houses.this is because solar energy is an unlimited energy resource,set to become increasingly important in longer term, for providing electricity and heat energy to user[1].Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation.The sun is most is most inexhaustible,renewable source energy known to man.The is no price and also no air pollution created by solar energy ,environmentally friendly and solar energy are interminable supplies[3].It is related with aspects as deforestation control,protection of ozone layer,reduction of CO2 emission and others[4]. The main objective of this paper is to develop solar tracker.The solar tracker can be used for several application such as solar cells,solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays[1].Nowadays,the highest efficiency of solar panel is 19%.So,the efficiency can be enhance by using solar tracker.Albeit,the price of various solar tracker are still expensive because solar tracker is still new and only a few countries use it as South Korean and USA[1].Futhermore,this project is designed for rural area which far from main supply and absolutely low cost. Previous researchers [1],[3] and [6] used LDR as sensor respectively.Other that,[1] ,[6]used dc motor and [3] used servo motor as the mover of their solar tracker. II. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR TRACKER Finding energy source to satisfy the worlds growing demand is one of society foremost challenges for next half century.The challenge in converting sunlight into electricity via photovoltaic solar cell is dramatically reducing $/Watt of delivered solar electricity.In this context the solar tracker are such devices for efficiency improvement.Solar tracker is the devices which designed automated for detect the sunlight movement from east to west.However,this automated system will stay its operational even if weather is cloudy and there is no sun visible totrack,thus spending stored energy without any gain[6]. Nowadays,many researcher from various education institution likely contribute in this topic. Based on experimental and actual result,the solar tracking can enhance by 30 to 60 percent compared to static solar array.Other that, power generated annually increase up to 40 percent.There are numbers types of solar tracker depends on cost,performance and technology[3]. This paper continues development on two axis tracking system consists Light Dependent Resistor(LDR),standard servo motor,solar module and Arduino programmer. III METHODOLOGY This project is divided into two parts,hardware development and programming development.Figure 1 show the block diagram of the project. C:UsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpg Figure 1:Block diagram of the project 2 Project Design 2.1 Hardware The main components of hardware used in this project are Arduino Board,Light Dependent Resistor,Servo Motor,Solar Panel and solar tracker stand,variable resistor. 2.1.1 Arduino Board In this project,Arduino was used as main controller.Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible,easy to use software and hardware.Arduino can sense environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can effect it surrounding by controlling light,motor and other actuator.The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino programming language and Arduino development environment.Arduino can be stand alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer. 2.1.2 Light Dependent Resistor Light Dependent Resistor is semiconductor which sensitive with light.The main purpose is to change the brightness of light in different weather condition.Becauce of these reason,this paper choosed LDR which suitable to track the sunlight. 2.1.3 Servo Motor Servo motor is one type of various motor in electronic application.This type motor required supply 4.8V or 6V.This motor consists three wire namely signal,positive and ground wire.The motor consists several part,the motor and gearbox,a position sensor,an error amplifier and motor driver and circuit to decode the requested position.Servo motor only rotate in 180 degree. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQmkuTWaXtVnqH1pvD1XfCAoz4L-eOvUpgzLpaZTOGhzP16cFze Figure 2:Servo Motor 2.1.4 Solar Panel Solar panel is a device to receive sunlight and convert it into electricity.Nowadays,many type solar panel in the market but the efficiency still low.Other that,the price still expensive.That reason makes this type renewable energy still second choice energy generation after fuel generation.This paper used monocrystalline solar panel for solar tracker and static mode. C:UsersCIPOXS~1AppDataLocalTempWPDNSE{ABEA16F1-1E2E-5557-6656-659DC8B5A9B6}191120121132.jpg Figure 3: 2W Solar Panel 2.1.5 Solar Tracker Stand This project designed the cheap and innovative stand.This stand also stable because the big base area makes the servo motor and solar operate as usual at the top. C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopsolar tracker(FYP 2)181120121127.jpg Figure 4: Prototype of Solar Stand Material Unit Quantity PVC Tee  ¾ inch 3 PVC Elbow  ¾ inch 4 PVC Reducing Socket 1  ½ to  ¾ inch 1 PVC Pipe 2 meter 2 TOA Spray Light Green 1 Table 1:Prototype Material 2.1.6 Variable Resistor A variable resistor is a potentiometer with only two wires instead of three.The pots allows to control yhe potential across through the circuit.The long handle on the potentiometer/variable resistor can be turned clockwise or anti-clockwise,altering the value of resistance.The range of resistance varies,for example 0 to 1000 ohms.This paper used variable resistor for speed and tolerance for each motor;vertical and horixontal axis. C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload.jpgC:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload (1).jpg C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopimages.jpgC:UsersCipOx StarzDesktop220px-Faders.jpg Figure 5: Several of Variable Resistors 2.2 Software This paper using the C programming as programming language.The simple code constructed and inserted into Arduino Board.The Figure 6 show the flowchart of the software procedure. C:UsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpg Figure 6: Flowchart of software procedure. IV. RESULT AND DICUSSION From the result,the author selected the suitable location for solar panel placement.The best location where is not shade from building or trees shadow.The sun moves from east to west.Therefore,the author choosed for placing the solar tracker toward south east.So,the solar panel will get more sunlight in order to harvest output power.The best reading time is between 10am till 12.00pm. The data collected from 9am till 5.00pm for 5day.The highest ouput voltage for solar tracker is 3.7V and for the static is 3.4V.The data shown the reading are upward from 9.00am till 12.00pm and start downward from 1.00pm till 5.00pm.According from data,the author choosed two condition of solar panel: Static Solar Panel which face north east in 45 degree tilt. Solar Tracker which face east. From the data from figure 9,the largest output power is 587.6mW at 12.00pm for the tracker mode and the the lowest is 4.1mW. Figure 7:Output Voltage Versus Output Current Figure 8:Output Voltage Versus Time Figure 7:Ouput Power Versus Time The sunlight irradiation depends on many factor.The weather in Malaysia is hot and humid throught the year.This factor makes Malaysia receive the rain most the year.Therefore,Malaysias atmosphere covered by variety of cloud. The author research how effect the variety of cloud to solar panel reading.The data from figure 10 shown the highest ouput power harvested when no cloud in the atmosphere.Other that,the lowest reading is when the sky covered by cumulonimbus cloud.This type of cloud are bulky and associated with thunderstorm.Therefore,the sunlight irradiation not fully emitted to the solar panel. Figure 8:Output Power Versus Day V. CONCLUSSION In conclusion,the objective of solar tracker has been archieved.Based on all result,the output voltage and output power are increased compared to the the static solar panel.The solar tracker is able to track the sun movement from west to east.The cost and reability of this tracker makes it suitable for the rural usage. This paper also conclude that the clouds also the main factor for harversting more power.The purpose on renewable energy from this paper gave new and innovative idea to continue the bright future in this field . VI. RECOMMENDATION For further research on this field,the data collection can be improved by long distance monitoring especially when user far from the site or when the rain.The high quality camera can be installed for capturing the type of cloud for futher research.Other that,this paper recommend that this innovative prototype can be enhance by increased it is scale.The solar panel can be replaced by larger scale in order to capturing more solar irradiation.Other that,the selection of solar panel should be also considered.Solar panel should high in efficiency for produce more output power which can used more low power appliances. For the location of solar tracker,the best location is the higher place where is in the top building.Other that,the further user should considered the clouds.Before the installation,the user should research and identify the most area which not covered by cloud.Lastly,the user should be managed to restore the ouput power as secondary supply in an effort to preserve the invironment and ozone.Save our earth. ACKNOWLEDMENT The author would like to acknowledge University Technology Mara (UiTM) for providing the component for this project.The author also tribute to Mdm. Aida Sulinda Kusim,all the lecturer,the staff and students of UiTM who have been involved in this project for the tremendous support and enormous guide. REFRENCES [1] Asmarashid Ponniran,Ammar Hashim,Ariffuddin Joret. A Design of Low Power Single Axis Solar Tracking System Regardless of Motor Speed.Internal Journal Of Intergrated Engineering,Vol.3 No.2(2011) p 5-9. [2] Ashok Kumar Saxena,V.Dutta. A Versatile Microprocessor Based Controller For Solar Tracking.Proc.IEEE,1990,pp.1105-1109 [3] Mohd Zulkifli,M.A.;Zolkapli.M.;Al-Junid,S.A.M. High-Efficency Dual Axis Solar Tracking Developtment Using Arduino. [4] J.Beltran A.,J.L Gonzalez Rubio S.y C.D.Garcia-Beltran. Design,Manufacturing and Performance Test of a Solar Tracker Made By a Embedded Control.Fourth Congress of Electronic,Robotic and Automotive Mechanics [5] Norhazwani Abd Malek,Hasril Hasini,Adlansyah Abd Rahman,Mohd Nasharuddin Mohd Jaafar. An Improved Solar PV System for Malaysian Rural Electrification.Proceeding of 2010 IEEE Student Confrence on Research and Development(SCOREeD 2010). [6] Prabodh Bajpai,Subhash Kumar.Design,Development and Performance Test of An Automatic Two Axis Solar Tracker System.Electrical Engineering Department,IIT Kharagpur,West Bengal,India [7] Gamal M.Dousoky,Abou-Hashema M.EL-SAYED,Masahito Shoyama. Maximizing Energy-Efficency In Single Axis Solar Tracker Photovoltaic Panels.8th International Conference on Power Electronic-ECCE Asia -May 30 June ,2011,The Shila Jeju,Korea. [8] Han Wan Siew, Solar tTrackerSIM University,2008 [9] Jyotirmay Gadewadikar, Microprocessor Based Soalr tracking System Using Stepper Motor S.G.S Institute of Tech Science,Indore

The issues facing corporate social responsibility

The issues facing corporate social responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility is a universal concept that represents the good, desirable business behaviour. It transmit to what extent it is judge morally or ethically good for CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility is a standard of corporate behaviour which is socially broad in its behaviour(Carroll,1999).Corporate Social Responsibility is also define as the company`s Voluntary/discretionary relationship with its societal and community stakeholders(Woddock,2004).In other words Corporate Social Responsibility is a commitment to improve social well being through proper judgment of business practices and contribution of corporate resources(Nanc Lee and Philip Kotler, 2005). Introduction: Its is a concept where organisations consider the interests of the society by having the knowledge and responsibility of the force of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of their operations(D Wood, 1991). This requirement is seen to extend beyond the legal responsibility to comply with legislation and sees organizations freely taking more steps to enhance the quality of life for their employees and their families on the other side they are also doing community and society work in large scale. Growth and Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility : Business ethics is that form of Applied ethics that examines the ethical progress and principles of any business that can arise unfortunately in a business. In this 21st century businesses are getting more and more advance as by adapting the Corporate Social Responsibility in their business and its is increasing day by day hence providing more ethical businesses processes. All together, more force is applied on industries for bringing improvement in there business ethics through there new public laws (e.g Higher road tax for vehicles that produces higher-emission on roads). Business ethics has both normative and descriptive effect. As a commercial practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. In academia descriptive approaches are also taken. The Business progress and work done shows range and quantity of business ethical issues describes the ways in which business is professed to be at non positive value with non-economic social principles. For Example : Now a days a lot of commercial and non commercial websites rely on commitment for promoting non-economical social principles under the range of headings like ethics codes, social responsibility charters. In some cases organisation and corporations again consider there main values and principles in the view of business ethical considerations. e.g BP`s beyond petroleum environment angle.Corporations reconsider their core values in view of business ethical considerations like BPs beyond petroleum environmental angle. Corporate Social Responsibility become common in 1970s but is was really condensed. Marks Spencer is also using Corporate Social Responsibility in the community with the help of building a trade network with the community by providing sold fair pricing in purchases. Corporate Social Responsibility Risk in Implementing : Risk management is the main element of any business that involves risk strategies. Reputations that take years to build up can be washed out in hours through activities such as fraud scandals activities. These occurrences can also draw unwanted attention from governments, courts etc. Developing a pure culture of doing the correct thing at the right time in the corporation can limit these risks. Difference Between Brand : In fully jam-packed marketplaces companies do there best for a unique selling objective which separate them from competitive minds. Corporate Social Responsibility can play a vital role in developing consumer satisfaction based on their ethical values( Paluszek, John (April 6-7,2005). Some big brands like The Body Shop and American Apparel (Dr. Tantillo`s Marketing Doctor Blog, March 28 2008) have build on ethical values. Service organisations can also take benefit from developing there reputation for there honour and best practice, so all the businesses have to have responsible for their environment. Corporate Social Responsibility Effects Negative Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or commercial citizenship entails companies behaving in a socially liable manner, and dealing with other business corporation which also do the same . As the public sector and businesses are getting aware of Corporate Social Responsibility CSR, they take care of taking corporate social responsibility into consideration when planning for future out comes to become a socially responsible, otherwise the business has to face wrong feedback in the shape of company getting effected . Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Public : Companies that are appeared to be socially responsible by showing environment saving or environmental sustainability on the same side doing immoral , illegal socially irresponsible activity in a terrific message for the stake holders and the consumers and investors. This type of activity effect the credibility and image of the company and damage its image in the market. Bad Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or commercial citizenship entails companies behaving in a socially liable manner, and dealing with other business corporation which also do the same . As the public sector and businesses are getting aware of Corporate Social Responsibility, they take care of taking corporate social responsibility into consideration when planning for future out comes to become a socially responsible, otherwise the business has to face wrong feedback in the shape of company getting effected . Negative Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Publicity : Companies that are appeared to be socially responsible by showing environment saving or environmental sustainability on the same side doing immoral , illegal socially irresponsible activity in a terrific message for the stake holders and the consumers and investors. This type of activity effect the credibility and image of the company and damage its image in the market. For Example: Bad implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility can ruin the image of the company like Enron the Texan energy company. Its a natural gas company, in the year 2001 it got collapsed under a huge debt as at previously it was the largest accounting firm. Enron was the best at corporate patronage and has given in millions in charity to different charity organizations and also won awards for its corporate social responsibility work, but in year 2001 Enron got collapsed miserably because of bad debt and the main person responsible for this cause who made this giant fraud was Jeffrey Skilling and he got jailed for 24 years for this .The articles about Enron stated the backlash for its activity(Adam Lashinsky, New York Times, November 2001). Legal Troubles Lead by Bad Corporate Social Responsibility: Companies and businesses that are involve in wrong irresponsible social activities also pay a high price for its activities. The best example for this is the Exxon Valdez tanker incident in Prince William Sound, near the coast of Alaska on March 24 1989 is the most memorable incident in corporate social responsibility, as this incident had created a bad image of the company by spilling 11 million gallons of crude oil in Prince William Sound and damaging the wildlife and fishing industry as a result Exxon Valdez has to pay $4.84 billion for clearing them selves from this Scandal( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, March 24 1989) Long Term Effects of Wrong CSR on Brand and Its Reputation Building a brand is a long term effort which takes years to build up but by a single mistake done my wrong corporate social responsibility strategy can ruin companies reputation its image, it can never be able to shake off the ill effects bad corporate social responsibility that has on the brand and reputation. The report developed on corporate social responsibility by Tsinghua University indicates that in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) describes that after taking interviews form 68% of the consumers said that they will not buy products of those companies who has bad corporate social responsibility performance. This practice is also same in automotive companies with 62.9% of costumers saying that they will not buy automobiles from companies with bad CSR performance(Tsinghua University). As there is a relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility performance in the eyes of consumers and the effect it has on the strength of a company`s brand that it will do little good to the company then, to hurt its already build brand with poor choice in corporate social responsibility Risk in implementing Corporate Social Responsibility : Managing risk is the main part of many corporate strategies. Reputations that take decades to build up can be cleaned out in hours through incidents such as corruption scandals or environmental activities. These occurrences can also draw unwanted attention from regulators, governments, courts etc. Building a genuine culture of doing the right thing within a corporation can offset these risks(Kytle Beth, Paramveer Singh, 2005, Corporate Social Responsibility as Risk Management A Model for Multinationals). Corporate Social Responsibility from a Business Point of view : Its is very obvious that in Businesses that are running today have Corporate Social Responsibility is tangled in many multinational organizations planning process. The reasons that work behind social responsibility towards human environmental responsibilities is still unknown as weather they are based on genuine interest or on hidden motives. Organizations are basically entities that are developing and manufacturing products to make profits to gratify there shareholders (Prof Malloy 1959). As Milton Friedman believes, there is no place for Social responsibility as a business function. However a business still comprises people those posses both the humanistic and naturalistic view points. The humanistic view is that a deteriorating environment and planet is of no relevance in sustaining human life let alone a business. The naturalistic view is where we draw the line between exploiting our natural resources and destroying our fauna and flora for the sake of profiteering and sustainability (Grace and Cohen 2005,144). The need to create an ideal scenario that is praetor efficient may be the main reasons such mediators are there to adjudicate. Influence from the population, government and competitors are possible forces that can destabilize an organization should its motives or unethical processes become clear. Legal structures in place, are created to ensure international borders are not left exposed to multimillion dollar organizations self interest. Stringent laws and penalties are governed by legal bodies such as the International Court of Justice that are capable of sanctioning non abiding organizations (ICJ 2007). CSR has been an issue of some debate. There are some people who claim that Corporate Social Responsibility cherry-picks the good activities a company is involved with and ignores the others, thus greenwashing their image as a socially or environmentally responsible company. There are some other people who argue that it inhibits free markets. Borderline Organization Motive : CSR will attribute other business motives, which the companies would dispute. For example, some believe that CSR programmes are often undertaken in an effort to distract the public from the ethical questions posed by their core operations. Some that have been accused of this motivation include British American Tobacco (BAT),(Friends of the Earth, 2005) which produces major CSR reports and the petroleum giant BP which is well known for its high achievements in advertising profile advertising promotion on environmental awareness as part of it operations. Opponent who believe that CSR is self interested: The dispute is that the reason corporations put in place social projects is for the commercial benefit they see in raising their reputation with the public or with government. They suggest a number of reasons why self-interested corporations, solely seeking to maximize profits are unable to advance the interests of society as a whole. They would point to examples where companies have spent a lot of time promoting CSR policies and commitment to Sustainable Development on the one hand, whilst damaging revelations about business practices emerge on the other. For example the McDonalds Corporation has been criticized by CSR campaigners for unethical business practices, and was the subject of a decision by Justice Roger Bell in the McLibel case (which upheld some of these claims, regarding mistreatment of workers, misleading advertising, and unnecessary cruelty to animals). Similarly Shell has a much publicized CSR policy and was a pioneer in triple bottom line reporting, but was involved in 2004(Shell, 2004) in a scandal over the misreporting of its oil reserves which seriously damaged its reputation and led to charges of hypocrisy. Since this has happened the Shell Foundation has become involved in many projects across the world, including a partnership with Marks and Spencer (UK) in three flower and fruit growing communities across Africa. These arguments usually suggest that stronger governments and international laws rather than intentional measures are necessary to ensure that companies behave in a socially responsible manner. Other views from this perspective include: Corporations really care little for the welfare of workers or the environment, and given the opportunity will move production to sweatshops in less well regulated countries. Companies do not pay the full costs of their impact. For example the costs of cleaning pollution often fall on society in general. As a result profits of corporations are enhanced at the expense of social or ecological welfare. Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility: Social responsibility of a business refers to what the business does, over and above the statutory requirement, for the benefit of the society. The term corporate citizenship is also commonly used to refer to the moral obligations of the business to the society. This implies that just as individuals, corporates are also integral part of the society and their behaviour shall be guided by certain social norms. The operations of business enterprises affect a wide spectrum. The resources they make use of are limited to those of the proprietors and the impact of their operations is felt also by many a people who are in no way connected with the enterprise. Benefit of Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses: If the corporation or business want to be socially responsible it is not necessary that good business tactics make the business good in its practices. CSR has some effects that directly relates to economics of the company, they are customers, public relations, shareholders and employees. If it is applied into the business plan, Corporate Social Responsibility has some benefit which relates to companies. Getting the right to operate by stakeholders: Some industries like mining industries requires a licence to operate because of some allegations of environmental factors that are to be get by certain authorities and as well as from the community, because there operation can effect the community near by .If this requirement is not fulfilled then they have to face some concequences in operating the industry. Brand value and its reputation: Business values are important company`s social, ethical and environmental performance because of its globalization, mobility and advancement in customers and suppliers ideas in the competitive market, to develop themselves to compete with the competitors, by keeping in mind that Brand name is also growing and getting importance, as the main worth of any company is its brand name . Enhanced efficiency in Operations: Corporate Social Responsibility plays a vital role in corporate sector with result in enhancing the efficiency in the operations of the company, e.g improving the efficiency in energy and natural resources, reducing the waste like proper handling of waste materials. Better recruitment improves the business and its life style, that will result in less absentees from office and increase the employees performance which result in company`s saving for example companies that provide relaxing and free from stress environment to its employees will result in employee performance enhancement and increase in production line. There is a study conducted by some of the large employers (Medstat Group, American Productivity and quality Center, 2009) got and idea that if health services can be provided to employees of the company then their productivity and efficiency will increase towards that company and will decrease the amount employees getting absentees from work and production. Customer Satisfaction and Sales: A research was done on corporate social responsibility regarding sale and customer satisfaction done by Millennium Poll(Millennium Poll, Dec 1999)that it interviewed approx 25000 people from near 23 countries which want to contribute to the society rather than only making profits by business have to first impress in need and wants of the customers by giving them quality, price, taste, and appearance and availability of their required product or services. To Attract and Preserve the quality of Employees performance: A research done by a UK consulting firm Stanton Marris (Stanton Marris, research) from top most employees of 24 well known companies shows that employers status and reputation is very important when an individual accepts a job offer, and nearly six percent of employees suggest that company`s commitment is more important while looking for job in any field as a skill worker these are the essential part of job search. Market and product development with corporate social responsibility: Cooperation with the help of local communities coutures products and services in the local markets. Like IBM Cooperation its a giant in its field, I had partnership with the community which produced six new products for the market and got nearly 15 applications for patent in year 2000(IBM Corporation, 2000). CSR as a conflict between Shareholders: In Corporate social Responsibility there are two type of share holders one is insiders who are connected with the firm and completely rely on firm`s conditions and the other type of share holders are institutions or small investors which are not connected or rely on any other party. Affiliated owners are those who`s identity and reputation is related and linked with the firm, while on the other hand non affiliated owners are those who hold the shares of the firm but their holding did not effect the portfolio and also not to the firm. If the benefits are considered then insiders affiliated shareholders gain a great benefit from the firm high corporate social responsibility, they bear the cost from being associated with for and shown to be irresponsible. Insider group consist of two major subgroups that are managers and non managers. It is very difficult to understand that which group will gain more by having socially responsible firm, but it is said that both the insider groups care for the firms rating and performance. For example, consider the following three individuals: Steven Jobs, the CEO of Apple Computer, Warren Buffet, a large blockholder and a director of The Coca-Cola Company, and Roy Disney, a director of The Walt Disney Company. We argue first that all three of these individuals (Jobs = a manager; Buffet and Disney =non-managers) are strongly affiliated with their corresponding firm, and further, that these individuals should gain from the fact that their firms have a high CSR rating more than a 5 diversified shareholder such as Fidelity, whose reputation is not affected by the social rating of one single firm in its portfolio. In what follows, we explore how this potential conflict may be affected by different attributes of the firm, namely, a firms ownership and capital structure. In addition, we discuss how free cash flow and other governance issues may affect the conflict. Corporate Social Responsibility Examples: BG INDIA LTD Natural gas is becoming the fuel of choice in a world increasingly concerned with the environmental impact of its energy consumption and India is no exception. Demand for natural gas in India is expected to more than double over the next two decades, rising to 13,700 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) by 2025 With its natural gas industry expertise, BG India is well placed to make a significant contribution to the countrys future energy needs. 1995: Formation of Mahanagar Gas Ltd: joint venture with the Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL) 1997 : BG acquires majority interest in Gujarat Gas Company Limited 2000 : GGCL commissions 73 km Hazira-Ankleshwar transmission pipeline 2002 : BG acquires 30% interest in Panna, Mukta and Tapti fields BG Indias exploration and production assets include a 30 per cent interest in the Taptigas field and the Panna/Mukta oil and gas fields. Significant investment is planned forfurther development in the fields. BG India has a 65.12 per cent controlling stake in Gujarat Gas Company Limited, which supplies natural gas to the cities of Ankleshwar, Bharuch and Surat in south Gujarat. BGIndia also has a 49.75 per cent stake in Mahanagar Gas Limited, which is developing anatural gas distribution system in Mumbai. Both companies deliver piped natural gas todomestic, commercial and industrial customers as well as compressed natural gas (CNG)for natural gas vehicles. BG India is part of BG Group, a leading international energy company that has expertise across the spectrum of the natural gas chain. India is one of BG Groups six core geographic areas of operation. BG India is responsible for managing and developing the upstream and downstream interests of the Group in the country. BG India has been patron of St Teresas Special School, Santa Cruz, which is for differently challenged children. The company provides support for training materials. According to the information provided by the administration people at St Teresas Special School, BG India provided financial support to the school once and that was almost two years ago. Since then, there has been no contact regarding this subject on their part. When asked about the policies to approach the company for donations and other voluntary forms of support, the staff member informed us that the company delays the matter for a couple of months every time they do so. The company claims that Corporate Responsibility (CR) remains a top priority at BG India, based on a recognition that the company has a duty to act responsibly both towards its employees and the wider community in which it operates. BG India mainly contributes to society in several ways: delivering gas to markets; providing energy and infrastructure to support development; creating and sustaining jobs in local economies; and through taxes and duties paid. These benefits are enhanced by the companys CR strategy, which not only ensures that it behaves in a socially responsible manner, but also makes a positive and meaningful contribution to community development. Tata Tea Tata Tea has launched a unique Presently Tata Tea is running its campaign on motivating Indians to vote in elections. It has launched a website to help voters in registering them into voter list Dr. Reddys Foundation This foundation is Founded by Dr. K Anji Reddy in 1996 and it is involved in promoting PPP models connecting life, learning and livelihood and it defines the real causes of poverty improvement. It helps to empower people to support there livelihoods and responding to the society.Dr. Reddys is one pharmaceutical company that has evolved from a social initiation backdrop into a corporate giant. CSR rating agency Karmayoga states that Dr. Reddys Lupin Laboratories are the only two pharmaceutical companies that are making genuine efforts for the society. The company continuously tries to meet societys expectations by developing innovative medicines that enable people to live longer and healthier lives . To facilitate policy development, implementation and communication, a cross-functional team was established at the beginning of 2002 to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach. The team is made up of representatives from the key business areas who ensure that policies are in place and mechanisms exist for their implementation and monitoring. They also contribute to reporting progress through this report and in other ways, for example through conference presentations and on companys website. CONCLUSION A business with fewer stakeholders to satisfy, their greatest concern appears to be their customers and their own ability to satisfy the demand for products effectively. Businesses are demonstrating that well managed corporate responsibility actually supports business objectives, especially amongst large corporate where improved compliance, reputation and relationships has been shown to increase shareholder value and profitability. For privately held businesses, the pressure to act can stem from the demands of the supply chain, with large multinationals increasingly demanding that suppliers conform to ethical business practices.Incorporating corporate responsibility into a businesss core strategy can also enhance its attractiveness as an employer.

Post Emancipation of Slaves Essay -- American History

After the emancipation of slaves, many things changed throughout the south. The slaves had the title of freed people, but these freed people didn't have the same rights and privileges as their white counterparts. Even though the freed slaves were suppose to be able to live an equal life with the whites, the whites still found ways to keep the African-Americans from being equal with them on all levels. The whites imposed all kinds of hidden rules towards the blacks and the consequence of breaking those laws was death. The whites did not want the ex slaves to be equal and even after the white men's mistress failed at assuming the jobs of their ex slaves, the slave masters still didn't give blacks credit for being able to do the work that they did. Things did not get better until after the civil rights movement and even then, things are as great as they should be. Things before the civil rights movement, from the beginning of slavery to the civil rights movement was the worst that it co uld get and even now there is only a little sign of improvement, but the fact that people in the world who still wants to see racial equality show that the fight for equality isn't over and it won't be until the goal at hand is successful. After the emancipation of slaves, the wives had to take over the role that the former slaves once did. The wives had to cook, sweep, wash the clothes, feed the animals, milk the cows, take care of the children, and clean. The wives of these former slave owners had to assume the jobs that the freed slaves abandoned and they also had to do the things that they normally did when the slaves were there. At first they were upset because they knew that once their slaves left, they would have to fulfill the duties ... ... place. When the blacks moved to the city they faced hatred and they got harassed by the whites and the current black residents. The newly blacks that moved to the city not only faced hatred and harassment, but also city officials made things much harder for blacks to be able to move into the cities. In conclusion, the black have faced many problems after the emancipation of slaves. Even though things did not get better for the freed blacks until the civil rights movement, things still were better then being someone's slave. The emancipation of the slaves not only affected the blacks but also the whites. The whites were affected because now they had to do all their work themselves and they had to face the fact that the blacks were suppose to be equal with them, which is why they tried their best to keep the black people down socially, politically, and economically.

Mac N Cheese :: essays research papers

Stove Top Mac-n-Cheese 1/2 pound elbow macaroni 4 tablespoons butter 2 eggs 6 ounces evaporated milk 1/2 teaspoon hot sauce 1 teaspoon kosher salt Fresh black pepper 3/4 teaspoon dry mustard 10 ounces sharp cheddar, shredded In a large pot of boiling, salted water cook the pasta to al dente and drain. Return to the pot and melt in the butter. Toss to coat. Whisk together the eggs, milk, hot sauce, salt, pepper, and mustard. Stir into the pasta and add the cheese. Over low heat continue to stir for 3 minutes or until creamy. Yield: 6 to 8 servings Prep Time: 10 minutes Cook Time: 25 minutes Difficulty: Easy Thank you for participating in the 2002 RadioShack Official Online All-Star Ballot on MLB.com. We invite you to return to the ballot at http://vote.mlb.com and vote a maximum of twenty-five times. You are the key to help your favorite players get to Milwaukee! And be sure to watch the 73rd All-Star Game on FOX, Tuesday, July 9th on 8 p.m. ET, 5 p.m. PT Thank you, Brian Phillips MLB.com If you have mistakenly received this confirmation, please click http://vote.mlb.com/cgi/mlb_optout.pl?email=MADHANDLES29@AOL.COM I I I I II IIII III I I II I II I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IThank you for participating in the 2002 RadioShack Official Online All-Star Ballot on MLB.com. We invite you to return to the ballot at http://vote.mlb.com and vote a maximum of twenty-five times. You are the key to help your favorite players get to Milwaukee! And be sure to watch the 73rd All-Star Game on FOX, Tuesday, July 9th on 8 p.m. ET, 5 p.m. PT Thank you, Brian Phillips MLB.com If you have mistakenly received this confirmation, please click http://vote.mlb.com/cgi/mlb_optout.pl?email=MADHANDLES29@AOL.COM Thank you for participating in the 2002 RadioShack Official Online All-Star Ballot on MLB.com. We invite you to return to the ballot at http://vote.mlb.com and vote a maximum of twenty-five times. You are the key to help your favorite players get to Milwaukee! And be sure to watch the 73rd All-Star Game on FOX, Tuesday, July 9th on 8 p.

A man without a country

‘A man Without a Country’ is an anthology of essays published by Kurt Vonnegut in 2005. The anthology, whose caption is, â€Å"A memoir Of Life in George W. Bush’s America.†Is a book consisting of tremendously short essays which deal with subjects varying from tribulations with contemporary technology, to significance of humor, to Vonnegut’s views on the disparities between women and men. (Vonnegut & Simon 36)However, most common in a ‘Man without a Country’ are essays which clarify Vonnegut’s views on politics as well as the subjects in contemporary American society, frequently from a particularly humanistic viewpoint. ‘A Man without a Country’ is Kurt Vonnegut’s final work. In January 2007, Vonnegut pointed out that he anticipated this book to be his last work and the declaration confirmed to be correct when he passed away in April, 2007.This would stand correct awaiting a short- story anthology of Vonnegutâ €™s unpublished work entitled ‘Armageddon in Retrospect’ which would be in print posthumously in 2008. (Vonnegut & Simon 78)  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA man without a country’ is therefore an anthology of principally formerly published work. The huge majority which cames out in the pages of the substitute newsmagazine ‘In These Times’ between 2003 and 2005. Vonnegut gleans his work from speeches as well as short essays which were written over the last a half a decade and abundantly illustrated with works of art by the author all the way through. (Vonnegut & Simon 78&79)

Bullying and Relevant Instructor Guidance Essay

Prior to completing this discussion, please read Chapter 5 in the textbook, review the information from Chapter One about Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological theory, read the Shetgiri et.al (2012) article, and review any relevant Instructor Guidance. Utilize Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory to address the topic of motivations for and influences on bullying. †¢Identify and describe how a child’s environment might pre-dispose him or her to bully others. Use each of the five systems in Bronfenbrenner’s theory. Bioecolgical theory lies on the side of nature/nurture continuum that favors environmental influences over maturational development Mossler, R.A. (2011). Microsystem- Has a daily, direct impact on the child, contexts like school, peers, neighborhood, and religious affiliation make up the setting in which the child lives Mossler, R.A. (2011). Mesosystem- represents the interaction of the various components of the microsystem, like parental involvement in school and a child’s friends Mossler, R.A. (2011). Ecosystem – includes community and socioeconomic variable that have more indirect impact on the child. For example, there are circumstances when parents have to (or choose to) work more hours or where there are fewer resources for childcare and supervision. These conditions may change a child’s life Mossler, R.A. (2011). Macro system- represents the cultural contest, such as lases, traditions, and customs. For instance, some governmental and cultural institutions have programs that support health, education, and welfare of children; in others, simple being a girl will restrict access. Chrono system- shows the social and historical context within which the other systems operate, and how the four systems change over time Mossler, R.A. (2011). †¢How might parents be an influencing factor on whether or not a child is prone to bullying? Depends upon parenting style there are for different type that I read about in chapter five in chart 5.2 Parenting types. Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritive, and Neglectful. The lack of parental control can lead to a greater risk delinquency. Without parental emotional rewards to guide a child’s behavior, the child will seek external reward which can be bullying. They tend to seek respects form peers. I only say this because I was child once was I remember kids being bullied by other  kids and it was not fun at all. I often wonder myself was something going on in that child’s home and they took out on the next kid just to make themselves feel good at the time. I can’t say I was bullied but I did fill like I was under attack and that was because certain boy like me in reality so he had make his self-look good in front of his friend but come to find out in his ou r high school years that he really like see I was what you call ugly duckling most girls were more developed and going through adolescent stage early and I was still in my natural state meaning I was not being grown before my time. †¢Find and report (with proper citation) one current statistic on the factors influencing school bullying behaviors. Bullying is the most common form of violence in our society; between 15% and 30 % of students are bullies or victims. A recent report from the American Medical Association on a study of over 15,0000 6th- 10 th graders estimates that approximately 3.7 million youth engage in, and more than 3.2 million are victims of, moderate or serious bullying each year http://www.nasponline.org. †¢Does this statistic seem to follow the same trend supported by Bronfenbrenner’s theory? If not, explain how it challenges the theory. Yes because it has become a widespread problem in school in our communities kids being threatened teased harassed and it has even went to cyber bullying and also have led to suicide just last year in my daughter school and around this area there were at three suicide during the her freshmen year in high school last year because of kid making comments on Facebook or twitter social media is the worst it is anti-social behavior that is learned through influences in the environment, home , school, peer group, even the media. Brfendebrenner’s theory confirms all the above. †¢Reflect on friendships in childhood and adolescence and address the positive and negative influences they can have on bullying behaviors. I can’t say that I was bullied but I did fill like I was under attack. That was only because a certain boy like me in reality so he had make his self-look good in front of his friend but come to find out in his our high school years that he really like see I was what you call ugly duckling most girls were more developed and going through adolescent stage early and I was still in my natural state meaning I was not being grown before my time. †¢Utilize problem-solving techniques in exploring developmental issues, grounded in child development, in order to provide one unique solution to  reduce or stop bullying. I would get the parents involved I am parent and if my daughter come home and tell me some is picking on her I want go straight to the source that means parents and all I would like to sit down and have meeting all the parts that are involved some we can get things resolved because after all a child behavior and how they act starts form home. Having positive environment and early intervention would good to more teacher training as well. . http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/youthviolence/index.html http://www.nasponline.org/resources/factsheets/bullying_fs.aspx Mossler, R.A. (2011). Child and adolescent development. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc